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"The concept of avant-garde belongs to the focus of art and culture of the 19th and 20th centuries. It has its origin in France and Italy, from which the avant-garde movements quickly expanded through the rest of Europe to Russia during the years of revolution in the 1920’s. Avant-garde is also a crucial part of American culture, which has faced its challenge openly."
(Irmeli Hautamaki, September 10, 2003. Retrieved from http://mustekala.kaapeli.fi/artikkelit/1070380027/index_html)